Outcomes for different investment scenarios in flood and coastal erosion risk management.

Applies to England

Documents

Long-term investment scenarios (LTIS) 2026

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Long-term investment scenarios (LTIS) 2019

Long-term investment scenarios (LTIS) 2014

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Details

The long-term investment scenarios (LTIS) are an economic assessment showing what future flood and coastal erosion risk management (FCERM) could look like over the next 50 and 100 years in England. It explores what can be achieved for different levels of investment if you maximise the difference between benefits and costs. It describes outcomes in terms of reduced economic damages and wider benefits.

future costs and benefits of managing flooding and coastal erosion

LTIS does not assess where the funding would come from or which funding sources would be most appropriate.

The Environment Agency previously produced LTIS in 2014 and 2019. LTIS 2026 uses more sophisticated methods and takes account of the best available evidence, including the Environment Agency’s National Flood Risk Assessment. It is therefore a significant step forward from previous LTIS studies.

Updates to this page

13 November 2026 Added Long Term Investment Scenarios 2026 report, both html and PDF versions.

Added Long Term Investment Scenarios 2026 report, both html and PDF versions.

1 July 2021 Section 9.4 updated to remove the beta (prototype) visualizer tool link, as this is no longer supported by the Environment Agency.

Section 9.4 updated to remove the beta (prototype) visualizer tool link, as this is no longer supported by the Environment Agency.

8 May 2019 Minor edits made in response to comments from peer reviewers, to improve clarity, language and add some context around uncertainties. In particular, the changes in Section 11 improve the description of how the new best estimate of the optimum level of investment was derived.

Minor edits made in response to comments from peer reviewers, to improve clarity, language and add some context around uncertainties. In particular, the changes in Section 11 improve the description of how the new best estimate of the optimum level of investment was derived.

28 February 2019 The long-tern investment scenarios 2019 had an incorrect year in the URL. New addition published with correct URL.

The long-tern investment scenarios 2019 had an incorrect year in the URL. New addition published with correct URL.

28 February 2019 The long-term investment scenarios published in 2014 has been updated with the long-tern investment scenarios 2019.

The long-term investment scenarios published in 2014 has been updated with the long-tern investment scenarios 2019.

2 December 2014 Long-term investment strategy published in 2009 has been updated with the Long-term investment scenarios 2014.

Long-term investment strategy published in 2009 has been updated with the Long-term investment scenarios 2014.

1 June 2009 First published.

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